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The Iranian group within the Indo-European language family consists of languages that were and are still spoken in Western and Central Asia, among which Persian, Balochi, Kurdish, Pashto, Shughni and Ossetic are the best known today and Avestan, Old and Middle Persian, Parthian, Bactrian, Khotanese, Sogdian and Chorasmian in the past. This work aims to bridge the apparent gap in knowledge that exists between Indo-Europeanists and scholars of Iranian languages with regard to each other's fields. The present work gives a critical survey of all the verbs that may have existed in Proto-Iranian as deduced from the attested Iranian descendants and their archaic sister language, Sanskrit. This is accompanied by an analysis of the morphology and assessment of the provenance.

Iranian languages --- Etymology --- Verb --- Eranian languages --- Indo-Iranian languages

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Disconcerting amalgamations of common points, divergences, and even symmetrical inversions, the religion of the Veda and that of the Avesta make up a set of complex representations, the comparison of which ideally allows to postulate the structure and reconstitute the progressive development. Obviously, the register of Indian representations and that of Iranian women have a common origin, and bear witness to the polemics starting the conceptual movement which will lead to Indian philosophy on the one hand, and Mazdean philosophy on the other. The existence of the Veda and the Avesta offers people in my discipline the unique and exciting opportunity to reconstruct a story from before history - the comparative method allows us - history of language and religious conceptions above all , of course, by the nature of the texts, but which does not go without giving some insight into more properly historical realities.

Languages & Literatures --- Indo-Iranian Languages & Literatures --- Veda --- indianisme --- iranologie --- religion

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Sinhalese literature --- Indo-Iranian Languages & Literatures --- Languages & Literatures --- Sri Lankan literature --- Sinhalese literature.

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The Iranian languages, due to their exceptional time-depth of attestation, constitute one of the very few instances where a shift from accusative alignment to split-ergativity is actually documented. Yet remarkably, within historical syntax, the Iranian case has received only very superficial coverage. This book provides the first in-depth treatment of alignment change in Iranian, from Old Persian (5 C. BC) to the present. The first part of the book examines the claim that ergativity in Middle Iranian emerged from an Old Iranian agented passive construction. This view is rejected in favour of a theory which links the emergence of ergativity to External Possession. Thus the primary mechanisms involved is not reanalysis, but the extension of a pre-existing construction. The notion of Non-Canonical Subjecthood plays a pivotal role, which in the present account is linked to the semantics of what is termed Indirect Participation. In the second part of the book, a comparative look at contemporary West Iranian is undertaken. It can be shown that throughout the subsequent developments in the morphosyntax, distinct components such as agreement, nominal case marking, or the grammar of cliticisation, in fact developed remarkably independently of one another. It was this de-coupling of sub-systems of the morphosyntax that led to the notorious multiplicity of alignment types in Iranian, a fact that also characterises past-tense alignments in the sister branch of Indo-European, Indo-Aryan. Along with data from more than 20 Iranian languages, presented in a manner that renders them accessible to the non-specialist, there is extensive discussion of more general topics such as the adequacy of functional accounts of changes in case systems, discourse pressure and the role of animacy, the notion of drift, and the question of alignment in early Indo-European.

Iranian languages --- Eranian languages --- Indo-Iranian languages --- Verb. --- Ergative constructions. --- Transitivity. --- Tense. --- Construction grammar, Iranian, Kurdish.

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Indo-Aryan languages. --- Indo-Aryans. --- Indic languages (Indo-Aryan) --- Indo-Iranian languages --- Aryans --- Ethnology --- Indo-Iranians --- South Asia --- Civilization.